A Critical Analysis Of the Parting By Michael Drayton...

A Critical Analysis of quot;The Partingquot; by Michael Drayton By looking at a poem which has a specific form, for example the sonnet, consider to what extent its particular techniques enhance its meaning. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The parting by Michael Drayton is a sonnet. It is a poem about the break up of the relationship between the author and his partner. I feel that the meaning of the poem is greatly enhanced by its form, and for a variety of reasons. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Firstly, because the sonnet is a very strict form, the author has to be very careful in constructing his poem, to ensure that it fits the design constraints. One of these constraints is that the sonnet is very short, at only 14 lines. This†¦show more content†¦Where the author breaks this pattern, it must obviously be for a good reason, when the author wants a certain word or syllable to be stressed. This in itself will naturally add tot he meaning of the poem. This, in addition, to the constraints of the number of lines, again causes the poem to have to be compressed, clarifying the poems meaning, and thereby enhance it. For example, in the first line, there should be no stress on the third syllable, but the author has written the poem so that there is, stressing the quot;noquot; and giving weight to the definitivness of the first two quatrains. The author again breaks the rythem in the last two lines, using eleven syllables instead of ten. This is clearly not a mistake or an accident, and has been done for one of two reasons; to add emphasis to these lines because seem out of place due to their length, or because the author felt that he simply could not sum up his feelings in the eleven syllab les that the standard sonent affords him. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When looking at the rythem, we should look not only at the line length but also at the ryhme scheme. In the first two quatrains, the rhyme words are very harsh, distancing the author from from the poem. For example, there are the very harsh constonant sounds of quot;partquot; and quot;heartquot;, However, in the third quatrain, there are musch softer sounds, such as quot;breathquot;, quot;deathquot;, quot;liesquot;Show MoreRelatedA Critical Analysis of The Parting by Michael Drayton879 Words   |  4 PagesA Critical Analysis of The Parting by Michael Drayton By looking at a poem which has a specific form, for example the sonnet, consider to what extent its particular techniques enhance its meaning. The parting by Michael Drayton is a sonnet. It is a poem about the break up of the relationship between the author and his partner. I feel that the meaning of the poem is greatly enhanced by its form, and for a variety of reasons. Firstly, because the sonnet is a very strict form, the author has

Critical Theories Of Criminology - 903 Words

Introduction In this paper, I will discuss conflict criminology, radical criminology, peacemaking criminology, and postmodern criminology providing a comparison as well as a contrast to each. Discussion There are several theories developing critical theories of criminology, the first discussed in this paper will be conflict theory (Bohm Vogel, 2011). The conflict theory is the inequality of competing groups, moreover, the different social statuses of individuals. This theory compares the differences in white collar crime to the crime of the blue collar class. White collar crime is mostly money-related crimes, including embezzlement, committed by the economically elite, conversely, blue collar crime is considered more violent as well†¦show more content†¦The structure of this societal hierarchy places a few individuals in the higher ranks of society with the majority within the lower ranks, the proverbial winners as compared to the losers. This theory bases crime upon the various class struggles to obtain wealth within an unequal economic environment. The lower class struggles to obtain the same level of material wealth held by those of the higher classes creating an extrem ely competitive environment leading to individuals taking advantage of the weaker members of society to further their own level of wealth. The radical theory defines crime as the deprivation of basic human rights, as individuals compete for a portion of societal wealth in an unequally distributed market they become overly competitive with one another leading to what is described as senseless violence. The third theory discussed in this paper is the peacemaking criminology, this theory is a non-violent approach to change society through the transformations beginning at the individual level (Bohm Vogel, 2011). The theorist of peacemaking view suffering as the cause of crime, expressing the need for a change within society to become for aware of the needs of those less fortunate, moreover, working together to resolve those issues. This theory views the acts of punishing individuals for crimes committed as the source for continued criminal acts. A shift fromShow MoreRelatedFuture of Criminology1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe future of Criminology etc. Criminology is, as John Lea (1998) points out, not so much a discipline as a field, its distinctiveness is not its knowledge base but the form of its focus: theories of crime, criminal law and the relation between the two - in this it is a sub-category of the sociology of deviance. It can, and never should be, conceived of as a separate discipline, its categories and processes are social constructs, they have no separate ontological reality. It cannot, thereforeRead MoreTheory Of Peacemaking Criminology1732 Words   |  7 Pageswhich emerged within the criminology discipline in the late 20th century. As this segment progress, the readers will become acquainted with the historical background of peacemaking, proponents of the theory, and explanations as to what is peacemaking, expanding on restorative justice, a form of peacemaking criminology and finally conclude this section with critiques and discussion on peacemaking criminology as discussed during the class presentation. Peacemak ing criminology grew out of the conflictRead MoreSocial Conflict Theory1130 Words   |  5 Pages(mugging and other street crime, violence, burglary, and, as many critical criminologists would contend, predominantly the crimes of the poor) can be questioned. Critical criminology is a theoretical perspective in criminology which takes a conflict perspective, such as marxism, feminism, political economy theory or critical theory. The focus of critical criminology is the genesis of crime and nature of ‘justice’ within a structure of class and status inequalities. Law and punishment of crime areRead MoreThe Marxist Approach On Understanding And Explaining Crime744 Words   |  3 Pagesexplaining crime’ Why did you choose this topic? I was first originally pressed to this topic not only because am I completing a bachelor of social science to major in criminology but I am also completing a major in sociology. So far in sociology we have learnt about Karl Marx and his contributions to sociology including the theories of dialectical materialism and alienation. Alongside Emilie Durkheim and Max Weber, Marx is perceived as one of the three creators of the social sciences. When exploringRead MoreThe Main Tenets And Assumptions Of Critical Criminology759 Words   |  4 Pagesthe field of criminology that addresses power differentials, inequalities and hierarchies as the explanations of crime is known as critical criminology. In the making and enforcement of law, critical theoretical perspectives are helpful in the reduction of crime by reducing the social, economical and political disparities in a social agency. Critical criminology actually provides a huge framework for the discussion of many other approaches followed in criminology like conflict theory, post-modernismRead MoreCriminology1427 Words   |  6 Pages(Siegal, 2010) (McLaughlin amp; Muncie, 2005) Criminology 211 Essay This essay topic consists of two main components. The first requires you to demonstrate your knowledge of and a familiarity with the theory/perspective and the second requires you to demonstrate an understanding of its application (in either policy or practice) and the impact of its application. i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Briefly identify the main features and concepts of radical criminology. ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Critically discuss theRead More3 Key Differences between Orthodox and Critical Criminologies762 Words   |  3 Pagesorthodox and critical criminologies? Use examples of readings that reflect both criminologies to illustrate your response. Orthodox criminology refers to the how criminologists accept the states ideas of crime without thinking of power relations. This thinking is shared by everyone and becomes a universal idea and these ideas are in the interests of everyone. However, certain groups of individuals are targeted and blamed for crimes based on their class, race, gender, sexuality and more. The theory of CriticalRead MoreEssay about Criminological Theories1544 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent theories of crime and how they affect the criminal justice system. The Classical School of criminology is a theory about evolving from a capital punishment type of view to more humane ways of punishing people. Positivist criminology is maintaining the control of human behavior and criminal behavior. They did this through three different categories of Biological studies, which are five methodologies of crime that were mainly focused on biological theories, Psychological theories, which containsRead MoreThe Role Of Crim inology And The Criminal Justice System1565 Words   |  7 Pagesfound guilty are punished for their crimes. Criminological enterprise In the above context, criminology therefore refers to the scientific approach to studying criminal behavior. Apparently, every crime committed is usually motivated by different factors. For instance, some people end up committing offenses due to the inability to control their anger while others become overwhelmed by their greed. Criminology is therefore the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon. Not only does itRead MoreContemporary Landscape Of Crime, Order And Control : Governance, Risk And Globalization Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesof the article, the authors intend to use the article to highlight and discuss the pertinent and imminent changes in the landscape of criminology around the world with respect to the early twenty first century. Authors’ thesis statement alludes that changes in the landscape of crime, order and control will automatically warrant a proportional change in criminology as a field. This relationship is based on the fact that the two entities are directly related to each other such that a minor shift in

Where the Mind Is Without Fear free essay sample

The poem below is a masterpiece it beautifully captures foundational principles that any nation should adopt or a concise description of what the constitution of any country should look like. We will write a custom essay sample on Where the Mind Is Without Fear or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was written by Nobel prize winner Rabindranath Tagore, before Indias independence. A must-read for any senator, politician, public servant, or any dutiful citizen. Where the mind is without fear And the head is held high Where knowledge is free Where the world has not been broken up Into fragments by narrow domestic walls Where words come out from the depth of truth Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way Into the dreary desert sand of dead habit Where the mind is led forward by thee Into ever-widening thought and action Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake Summary: The poem describes Tagores vision of how his country could offer a heavenly experience to its citizens, or what a free country should look like. In his iew, it would be a country where, * people can express their views freely without fear of repercussions, * people share and spread knowledge freely, * people are open minded and willing to listen to each others perspectives, * people are true to each other, value their integrity, and honest in their dealings, people work hard and strive for perfection in quality, * people are driven by reasoning and scientific temper, instead of fallacies, hypocricies, or ideologies. people are open to change and dont succumb to nertia or continue age-old orthodox customs and practices that do not meaningfully apply anymore, * people are progressive, think of bigger goals and accomplish them, constantly raising the bar. When such a vision is accomplished, such a country would be free, and a heaven to live in. Easily said, than done? Not quite, there are countries that have woken up to much of Tagores vision. Ironically, India hasnt woken up yet, but not in deep slumber either lets hope the da wn is soon. Where the Mind Is Without Fear By zpktmm

Religion In American Culture Essays - Nation Of Islam,

Religion In American Culture Race and religion are two concepts in American culture that can really tie people together, or clearly separate them apart. A group forged by strong common roots in both race and religion can be a powerful societal force, if it wants to be. The Nation of Islam is a small but growing religion in America that has become somewhat of a social movement because of its strong and radical ideas on race. In this paper, I will try to explore the beliefs of the Nation of Islam, and the ramifications it could and has had on racial relations in America. The Nation of Islam, or NOI, is a relatively new religion. The first temple of Islam was established in Detroit by Master Fard Muhammed in 1930. Much of the theology was based on the simple facts that: Allah is god, the white man is the devil, and the so-called Negroes are the Asiatic black people, the cream of the earth.(1) And, in accordance with their bizarre view of creation, involving a mad scientist creating the white race from the black rac e, the twentieth century represents the time for black people to regain their rightful position as god?s chosen people. (1) The Nation of Islam was spawned from Orthodox Islam, an age-old religion. However, Orthodox Islam has openly denounced the NOI as a heretic sect for three main reasons: the NOI?s rejection of the belief in an afterlife, its tendency to view human leaders as deified figures, and its strong racist attitudes. (2) For a brief time, during the seventies, Wallace Deen Muhammed became the leader of the NOI and tried to take it in a new direction, more conforming to true Islamic beliefs. This group is now called the American Muslim Mission and still exists in small numbers today. (1) The NOI?s presence has implications on American racial relations in more than one way. First of all, the NOI is tied to a very specific American racial group: blacks. Although the majority of black people in America do not consider themselves members of the NOI, the group still attempts to represent all black people. And, because of the strong messages of strength, unity, and betterment of the black race, the NOI reaches the hearts and minds of many blacks as a driving social force, even if they don?t consider it their religion. Another major way the NOI impacts race relations is through the strong seemingly racist beliefs that are inherent to its theology. The NOI has always been open about its views. Not only have they always taught that the white man is the devil, but they believe that the battle of Armageddon will consist of a holy war between Islam and Christianity of which Islam will be the victors, representing the victory of black people over white people. (1) Jews are referred to as great enemies for no particular reason. The NOI has been viewed as a strongly anti-Semitic organization since the early eighties. (4) I think the NOI theology can best be understood as an example of power-conflict theory. First of all, the NOI is strongly against cultural assimil ation for American blacks. They believe that black people should exist entirely apart from American (white) culture. Elijah Muhammed, an early and extremely powerful leader who is now viewed as a deified human clearly taught against assimilation. (1) Since whites were inherently created as an evil and inferior race, they are therefore flawed since birth. Seeking their acceptance by acquiring any part of so-called American culture is a low and humiliating thing for blacks to do. Under this philosophy, Elijah Muhammed went so far as to teach that even living among white people in the same building or block is wrong, and that basic integration of blacks and whites in schools and workplaces should be reversed. (1) These separatist and elitist attitudes toward one race over another is clearly a power-conflict characteristic. I don?t necessarily think all of these ideas are so wrong. In his striving towards total segregation, Elijah Muhammed was hoping to achieve powerful and independent black communities capable of providing everything for themselves education, hospitals, workplaces, neighborhood organizations in the greatest quality. And they should

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buy custom Heroic Types essay Oedipus is a tragic hero in every sense of the word. A very important element that designates Oedipus as a tragic hero is his attitude regarding fate. Instead of accepting what fate has decreed for him he goes against it by making personal decisions. The tragic hero usually brings upon himself his own tragedy by a refusal to accept what fate has decreed. The tragic hero is usually a slave of fate and his destiny and no amount of effort on their part can change this destiny (Knox, 133). Oedipus is a hero of the town of Thebes having saved them from disaster several times. He spends most of his time trying to escape his fate by moving around yet the reader knows that what the gods decreed about him killing his father and marrying his mother has already happened. Oedipus fits perfectly Aristotles definition of the tragic hero in that he possesses a tragic flaw in this instance Oedipuss refusal and pride in accepting his destiny. The tragic hero is not perfect which leads to his down fal l as demonstrated by Oedipuss fall into begging by refusing to accept his fate. The fatal flaw in the tragic hero is however not wholly blamed on the hero but also on the gods or fate and destiny (Sophocles, 278-97). Krapp in Krapps last tape embodies the definition of an anti hero almost to a fault. Krapps den usually refers to his absolute loneliness and spiritual darkness in which he lives. Krapp reviews tapes of his life something which he has been doing for the last thirty years (Fletcher, 138-56). Krapp fulfils the definition of an antihero in that no audience particularly seems to like the man. His indifference to the world around him and his state of being distracted creates an irritation in the audience. It almost seems as if Krapp is determined to avoid a heroic status by his actions. There are lements in the young Krapps life of which the audience may like and associate with a hero. A good example is the younger Krapps sacrifice of his life in order to become a writer. The unfolding of the tape however reveals a shift in this as the dream is not rtealized leaving us with a shell of a man who is bitter and angry with the world (Beckett, 59-60). The only remnants of the younger Krapps tr aits to be found in the wizened Krapp are negative ones such as addiction to bananas,alcohol and sexual activity. It can be said of Estragon and Vladimir as being the heroes of Waiting for Godot. However, a more fitting term for these two characters would be anti heroes since they posses little of the hero in what they do. Estragon is portrayed as a coward who experiences nightmares and this is compounded by his great fear of mystical persons who beat him up on a regular basis (Beckett, 345-54). Estragon is in great need of the guardianship and protection of Vladimir which he cannot live without. He even in one instance threw himself into the river only to be rescued by Vladimir. Vladimir portrays better intelligence and better alertness than Estragon since he has a better understanding of the situations facing the two men. Even though he is better than Estragon, Vladimir also comes across as a pitiable character that is helpless and feels that he has to wait for Godot for an indefinite period. Godot is expected by the two characters to change the situation of the two men but whether he will arr ive is in doubt. The two characters further enhance their anti hero status by their decision to hang themselves. According to Fletcher (219), Martin Esslins comments help us in assessing the heroic status of Vladimir and Estragon by the fact of the two characters embodying a sense of purposelessness which is a key element of absurd theatre. The two characters portray this by their senseless waiting for Godot whose coming is in doubt. They portray the feeling of senselessness which is increasingly a facet of human nature which Beckett is trying to portray. Just like the tragic hero was given prescribed criteria by Aristotle in the poetics, revenge hero usually fits a given set of criteria in order to be designated as such. A tragic hero must first of all be acting due to circumstances or forces which he has no control over. Secondly a tragic hero must be presented with a situation in which the authorities are unable or unwilling to satisfy the justice which is demanded by the revenge hero which makes the hero to take matter into his own hands in order to fulfill his cause of justice. The last criteria is that the hero has to come up with a scheme which is complicated and shrewd which he pursues in the fulfillment of his just cause (Jarrett, 458-63). In Hamlet, Claudius embodies the outside forces which Hamlet cannot control. Claudius robs Hamlet of his father and his throne. Hamlet establishes this but he lacks the shrewdness or impetus to plan for the act of punishment against Claudius. Hamlet is portrayed as quite the reluctant hero as he takes too long to react. He comes up with a cunning plan against Claudius which fulfills the third criteria. Hamlet goes ahead to hatch a cunning plan but only under duress and fear of punishment from his fathers spirit. Without the pressure put upon him by his fathers ghost it is unlikely that Hamlet would have been a revenge hero. Hamlet though fulfills Aristotles characteristics of a tragic hero in that he has a fatal flaw which leads to his downfall. Hamlet also fulfills the criteria as he is a man of noble standing and virtue who will not let justice to be left unfulfilled (Jarrett, 372) His downfall is due to an error in judgment which is as a result of his flaw which leads to him being poisoned. Hamlet may have been a solar hero had he been decisive enough. As the text portrays him as a reluctant hero Hamlet cannot be considered as a solar hero as what he does though standing out from the rest of the people is done under duress and pressure from his dead fathers spirit. Hamlet however acts as a kind of a savior hero as he is also in his quest to deliver his mother and the people of D enmark from a Claudius, tyrant and murderer of their king (Bloom and Shakespeare, 186-95). Hamlet is also a militant and aggressive character as we see from his killing of Claudius which would make him a good example of a phallic aggressive savior. In the theater of the future it would still be possible to have a tragic hero though the hero would be of a much diminished status and would not resonate well with audiences. Audiences of today are more attuned to theaters of the absurd and hence anti heroes are more likely to stir up emotions rather than tragic heroes. The hero of the future would thus be the person who embodies the current culture of purposelessness and senselessness of the theatre of the absurd. Aristotles definition of the tragic hero would thus be modified as to make the fall of the hero to be not of the heros making but to be due to the effects of the world around him which leads to act of escapism and senselessness. Buy custom Heroic Types essay

Top 10 States With the Highest Voter Turnout

Top 10 States With the Highest Voter Turnout Presidential candidates spend lots of time campaigning in states that hold the most electoral votes and where there are lots of swing voters  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ states such as Ohio, Florida, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.   But campaigns also spend considerable time strategizing about which voters to appeal to, and where turnout is historically highest. Why bother campaigning in a place where only a small portion of voters will end up going to the polls? So, which states have the highest voter turnout? Where is voter participation greatest in the United States? Here a look based on data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Of note: Five of the 10 states with the highest voter participation are blue states or those that tend to vote Democratic in presidential, gubernatorial and congressional elections. Four of the 10 states listed below are red states or those that tend to vote Republican. And one state, Iowa, is evenly split between Republicans and Democrat. Minnesota Minnesota is considered a blue state, or one that tends to vote Democratic,  Since 1980, 73.2  percent of the voting-age population there  has cast ballots in the nine presidential elections, according to the Census Bureau. Minnesota voters are, by far, the most politically active in the United States. Wisconsin Like Minnesota, Wisconsin is a blue state. Over the course of the nine most recent presidential elections, the median voter participation was 71.2 percent, according to the Census. Maine This  Democratic-leaning state has had a voter-participation rate of 69.4 percent from the 1980 presidential election through the 2012 presidential election. District of Columbia The nations capital is heavily Democratic in voter registration. Since 1980, 69.2 percent of the voting-age population in Washington, D.C., has cast ballots in the nine presidential elections, according to the Census Bureau. Mississippi This  solidly Republican southern  state has seen 68 percent of its voters participate in presidential elections, according to Census surveys. South Dakota South Dakota is a red state. Its voter participation rate in presidential elections is 67.8 percent.   Utah Roughly the same portion of  voters head to the polls in  Utah, another red state, for presidential elections. Its median participation rate in the nine most recent elections  is 67.8 percent. Oregon Just over two-thirds, or 67.6 percent of voting-age adults, has participated in presidential elections in this blue Pacific Northwest state since 1980. North Dakota This red state has seen 67.5 percent of its voters go to the polls in presidential elections. Iowa Iowa, home of the famous Iowa Caucuses, boasts a voter-participation rate of 67.4 percent in presidential elections. The state is evenly divided between Republicans and Democrats. A note about the data: The voter participation rates are derived from information collected by the U.S. Census Bureau every two years as part of its  Current Population Survey. We used  median participation rates for voting-age populations by state for the nine presidential elections  in 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012.

Law Tort Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law Tort - Case Study Example Keown also suffered from changes in the brain that led him to be convicted of several sexual offences later in his life. The claimant stated that as the premises had no suggestion that the fire escape was fragile, the claimant suffered his injuries because of the poor state of the premises. The NHS Trust which owned the property pointed out that Mr. Keown could be treated as a trespasser when he climbed the fire escape. Considering the danger of the state of the premises, the Trust was asked to pay a third of the damages to the claimant and the Trust appealed. The Trust placed their defence that the fire escape was not by itself dangerous and Justice Lewinson ruled that there was no reason of any danger due to the state of the premises and thus the claimant's appeal failed. The relevant cases which were cited in order to provide a judgment on this case include Donoghue v Folkestone Properties Ltd [2003] QB 1008, [2003] EWCA Civ 231 in which a young adult had dived into Folkestone harbour after midnight in mid-winter and struck his head on an underwater pile. The court ruled that there are some features within certain premises that are not inherently dangerous but which may tempt a person on the land to indulge in an activity which carries a risk of injury. In this case for Kweon, although the premises were not dangerous, his own actions seem to have caused him personal injury.

Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research - Assignment Example adults, the current trend on the progression in lung cancer among the U.S adults, the relevance of smoking among the above mention group, the effect of passive smoking among the U.S. adults etc. The several study reported under this category also included the effect of long term assessment of these factors. The important journals that have reported the relevant articles for the research question proposed here are Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, Lung Cancer, Clinics in Chest Medicine, Journal of Adolescent Health, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Social Science & Medicine, Health Psychology and Preventive Medicine. The search strategy adopted to locate the relevant articles is by using an appropriate search tag like "smoking + lung cancer + U.S. Adults" within each of the journals listed earlier. About 1109 journal articles were located in the database in the initial search effort. Further refinement of the search using appropriate fields gave the total number of articles as 78.

Identifying Biased Media Essay Example for Free

Identifying Biased Media Essay Many now believe that media is biased; but the context of what bias is may vary depending on the preferences of the readers. Bias affects news reporting in a variety of ways. It may be reflected on the preferences of the editor/owner of the publication or broadcast institution, maximizing profits, and/or politics or entertainment (Baron 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Media institutions acquire income from advertisements and this practice affects how the media chooses what kind of news it should report. Media sensationalism is also an end result as people are attracted to read news that are sensationalized, this in turn increases readership and consequently, increase in profit from advertisements.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issue whether media can still produce and present objective news is still subject to debate. It may be true that some institutions can present objective and unbiased news, but many forms of media are now inclined to side with a group because of preferences or to maximize profit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In politics, horse-race journalism, which focuses on various election data instead of emphasizing the candidates plan of action, is being given too much attention. This results in news items that are all about the election proceedings. During these times, media institutions all report election-related news and forget about other similarly or more important issues that need to be reported.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The findings of some researchers suggest that the media (1) are neither objective nor honest, (2) employ framing devices, (3) deliberately manipulate news, (4)   are controlled and influenced by government and business interest, (5) may choose unreliable sources, (6) accept the â€Å"faulty premise† that the government has good intentions, (7) through the use of the word â€Å"we† implies acknowledgment   of government policies, (8) do not use historical context, (9) fail to follow up on the stories and (10) does not encourage the maintenance of a critical perspective for the readers (Nelson).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bias results in skepticism on the side of the readers which results in a reduction in the demand for news. However, biases are being tolerated when it means that a journalist can be hired for a lower salary (Baron 23). Journalists may have incentives to write biased news stories, but it can be cushioned by an attitude of professionalism and a media institution that does not tolerate bias.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, investigative journalism has been known as the most controversial form of journalism and over time, it has changed and adapted to the current setting (Hawks) but this kind of reporting involves a lot of risk and violation of human rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sometimes, investigative journalists go beyond the borders and invade the privacy of others just to get the report that they need. Exposure is the theme of the current investigative reporting process as it creates excitement and uproar and draws a lot of attention from the public. It is also believed that scandals draw more attention from the public which would result in more generated profit for the media institution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Journalists follow their targets as if they are bounty hunters armed with their cameras to catch any footage of misdeed. Some journalists also resort to wiretapping of phone lines and other means to gain access to personal and classified documents. This methodology of investigation, although has good intentions, is unethical in a sense that it invades the private life of people. In some instances, due to this practice, journalists receive threats when they are investigating anomalous people or dealings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The media is being invaded by personal preferences and is gravely affected by commercialization. Perhaps the media is only considering its survival because without income, the media cannot operate. Works Cited Baron, David. Persistent Media Bias. August 2004 www.wallis.rochester.edu Media Bias Baybars-Hawks, Banu, The Impact of Investigative Journalism on Public Opinion and Policymaking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.hichumanities.org/AHproceedings/Banu%20Baybars-Hawks1.pdf Nelson, Richard Alan. Tracking Propaganda to the Source: Tools for Analyzing Media Bias. 2003.   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://lass.calumet.purdue.edu/cca/gmj/fa03/gmj-fa03-nelson.htm

Bali Summer :: essays research papers

I still memorize those hot humid nights in Bali, Indonesia. I thought I fainted when I got of the plane at the airport. The heat of the air, hit me in the face, and felt like it threw me on the ground. We settled into the airport which was just one large hall which was a un organised position and uncontrollable from all passengers coming of their planes. We got our luggage and made our way to Ubud our first destination for seven quick nights. The reason of visit to this part of Indonesia was because it is near the monkey forest and temples. This trip overseas was my very first holiday overseas and I was thrilled. The idea for a trip to Bali was because close friends said it was the best. We found out soon enough it was heaven for fake merchandise, clothing and lots of others things. We visited the monkey forest that which was a time of my life. At the front of the forest there was a shop selling peanuts for the monkeys. We where far unaware that once we entered the forest, there where signs saying not to feed the monkeys. We then followed the path through the forest that was covered by large tree canopy and gigantic trees. We started throwing peanuts on the ground around us and monkeys hastily followed and ate on unaware of us. Once we threw a sparse amount of peanuts we got surrounded by monkeys and where outnumbered by them. My dad put his hands in his pockets, and one monkey pounced at him with no warning. My dad shacks the monkey off and we promptly walked off to escape the attack. We visited and witnessed most interesting old temples and thousands of years old bridges. From Ubud, we made our way to Kuta that was much more of a tourist style town. Our resort was humongous with beach frontage. The next day we walk down the main road where we find that there is a large theme park called Water Bomb park close by. We then walked to the markets where there was the fake gear. We picked up Nike, Addidas and Fila shorts and t-shirts for a ridiculously cheap price. We found out that there was a McDonalds and KFC near the market with identical fast food menu to Australia. How lucky for us. We still tried out all the international restaurants near by.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Profit Margin Percentage

Place your name and the date at the top of the page, and answer the following questions making sure you SHOW YOUR WORK. 1. A hardware store bought a gross (12 dozen) of hammers, paying $602. 40 for the total order. The retailer estimated operating expenses for this product to be 35% of sales, and wanted a net profit of 5% of sales. The retailer expected no markdowns. What retail selling price should be set for each hammer? [Hint: The way to handle this problem is to say that the Gross Profit Margin has to cover the 35% of expenses applicable to the product plus the 5% of net profit wanted. And once you know the GPM%, you know the Cost percentage of the Selling Price. ] 2. Competition in a line of sporting goods limits the selling price on a certain item to $25. If the store owner feels a margin of 35% is needed to cover expenses and return a reasonable profit, what is the most the owner can pay for this item? [Hint: Remember, if you know the margin percentage, then you know the cost percentage. ] 3. A retailer with annual net sales of $2 million maintains a markup of 66. 67% based on cost. Operating expenses average 35%. What are the retailer's gross margin and net profit in dollars? [Hint: A Markup on Cost is equivalent to what Gross Profit Margin percentage? ] 4. The cost to a manufacturer of flat panel displays for producing its newly designed TV Display 1000 is $250. 00. The cost for Research and Development of their new product being sold to OEMs as a component product has been one million dollars. The sales and promotional budget is $600,000, and all other fixed costs amount to $200,000. The Marketing Director and his staff have estimated demand for the new display to be between 50,000 and 75,000 units over the next year. They also have decided to price the new Display 1000 at $450 to their OEM customers. (a) How many Display 1000s does the manufacturer have to sell in order to breakeven? (b) What is the manufacturer’s unit contribution to profit in percentage? (c) What is the manufacturer’s markup on cost in percentage?

Different Vocal Techniques

Vocal Technique is the method of using one’s voice in a specific manner in singing. IT can be rehearsed and adjusted in such a way that will attribute to better singing. By turning to vocal techniques, the voice can have a better sound and quality. These techniques require the singer to control the voice. The posture of the person while he is singing has an effect on the sound coming out. There are a lot of techniques in singing. These were developed over the years to help singers achieve the full potential of their voices.As time progressed, musical tastes have also changed so singers continue to learn the various techniques involved in different genres of music. As a number of genres emerge, so do the physical anatomy of the voice that is needed in order to strike the chord to suit the feeling of the genre of the song. There are ways to learn how to control the voice in order for the singer to produce the particular sound he is aiming for. Most vocal stysles are divided into classical and non-classical techniques. There are genres such as rock, pop, rnb and more. This paper will talk of the basic vocal techniques that apply in any category and genre.First and foremost, the singer must gain control of his voice. He must concentrate on the three distinct areas that are important in producing the voice. It depends on the style that the singer is attempting to achieve. These different areas respond on various ways but the principles are all the same. One, all singing starts with breathing. The vocal sounds are results of the vibrations in the individual’s larynx. This is created by the air that is formed in the lungs. Breathing is an activity in everyday life so this can be done subconsciously and naturally.For the singer, he must be able to control and regulate the intake as well as the exhalation of his breath in order for him to get the best results of his voice. Singers know the term â€Å"Sub-Glottic Pressure† and take this seriously. Th is is the regulation of the flow of the breathing in and out of the lungs. This allows the air to flow right throught he individual’s vocal tract. This is very simple in terms of theory but when put into effect, it is not as simple as it sounds. The singer realizes that the process is complicated and he must therefore consciously control his breathing.This means that the diaphragm, the muscles, the stomach, the waist and the back must be in proper positioning. Just like anything in life, practice makes perfect. The actual sound that is heard when a person sings is produced by the vocal tract or the throat. This is in conjunction of the cricoid and the thyroid cartilages. The proper anatomical term that singers are also aware of is the vocal folds. They do their best not to strain these cords or strings because once these have been stretched, their singing voice will be affected and the sound it produces will no longer have the same quality.The singer regulates the pitch and t he frequency of the voice by controlling the vocal folds. This is done by breathing and building up the vocal folds that creates the pressure amidst the sub-glottic pressure. The air coming from these folds create the sound. The wider the vocal folds, the more air coming through. The folds then fibrate slowly and creates a low and deep sound. In order to enhance their craft, singers continue to find our more vocal techniques that will allow them to expand their voice. As long as they want to increase the range of their vocal chords, they can soar the high notes.By practicing, they will be able to hit the â€Å"full† voice that they want to achieve with such power. It may seem impossible at first but as long as they know how to do so, then they will not have a hard time pulling this off. Some singers make the mistake of wishing to hit the soaring and the high notes in order to lift the audience up to their feet. Truth is, the proper singing is not really breaking into falsetto or yelling. It is keeping the notes into order and the tone in its place. By practicing the proper vocal techniques, singers will be able to hit the high notes.They can do this the minute they know that they are ready. The proper vocal techniques allow them to prepare for that moment when they have to register their voice in upper scales. There are vocal techniques to expand the individual’s voice. As long as he discovers the connection between the lower vocals and the higher vocals, the singer can practice the vocal techniques needed. In order to explain it properly in this paper, let us call these vocal registers as â€Å"mixed voice† and â€Å"head voice. † The mixed voice is similar to the chest voice because of its low tone. The difference is that it is more subtle.If the singer developed a strong mixed voice then he could hit the high notes with complete vindication. It would also appear to be powerful and in tune. Whereas the head voice is the classical tune. Those who perform in opera and symphonies often use their â€Å"head voice. † Notice that the pitch and tune they sing in is very different from what you hear on MTV and the concerts of your favorite singers. This is because the head voice appears to have a classical tune when it is registered. The most common vocal teachnique is the expansion of the diaphragm. The singer is taught to sing an octave higher than his usual pitch.This exercise forms the bridge between the lower ranges and the higher ranges. Once the singer practice these exercises, he will be able to effortlessly escalate the pitch from low to high. Once the singer is used to doing this vocal technique, he will not notice that he floats through the various registers because he does this naturally. A really good singer can bridge the gap between the lower register and the higher register and appear to be as stong as ever. When the singer does this with his vocal registers, he realizes that he is doing the p roper vocal technique of pacing his diaphragm as well as his posture.It also helps that he does not focus on just hitting the high notes. He must be aware of the vocal registry in order to get to that high pitch. He can do this by practicing his vocal folds over and over again. He can do this for ten minutes every day. (Russell) As soon as the singer figures out the basic vocal techniques, he can understand better the different vocal techniques in the various genres. You see, these various genres are like instruments and the singer is the player of the instrument. In order for the singer to play the instrument better, he must be an expert to begin with.Like in the various musical styles such as pop, country, rock, soul or classical, the singer must consistently serve a function in order to sing properly and hit the notes of the song better. There are more to singing than practicing the vocal chords. Like what have been mentioned in the earlier paragraphs, the singer must also be awa re of his posture and breathing. The most important vocal technique a singer must learn is breathing. The vocal chords need the proper airflow in order to make sound. By vibrating, the voice of the singer can participate in any style or genre of music.Note that the really good singers are those who know how to breathe. (Manning, 110) Take this for example. Whenever some acclaimed singers like Beyonce, Christina Aguilera and Nicole Scherzinger sing in front of a live audience, there are times they lose their breath. That is because they are too energetic that they ignore their breathing vocal technique. This results to their need to catch their breath. Their voices shake and it falters. When they are going to reach for the high notes, their voices shrill. Now compare these with Broadway actors such as Idina Menzel and Kristin Chenoweth, popularly known as the leads in â€Å"Wicked.†Different Vocal TechniquesLike Beyonce, Christina Aguilera and Nicole Scherzinger, these two sta ge actresses also sing in front of the live audience but they rarely lose their breathe and miss a note. This is because theater actors are trained to breathe properly. The next vocal technique that must be really given attention to is the torso. This is the very focal point where the breathing procedure takes place. The torso has three chambers. The first chamber is the bottom. This is the area between the lowest rib and the pelvic bone. The second chamber is the middle area. The third chamber is the top, the one in the chest region. A good singer uses chambers 1 and 2.The air he reserves is located in chamber 3. This applies to any genre in singing. A secret technique some singers use is they leave the gateway open so that more air can enter the passage. By standing up straight, they are able to elongate the vibrations of the vocal chords that allow their voice to be executed better and with a finer sound and quality. Try this. Try singing with your shoulders slumped back and stan ding like a hunchback. Your voice will not be as powerful compared to the minute you straighten your back and belt out. Finally, another important vocal technique in singing is taking care of the resonance chambers.This is a very important component because this is where the sound of the voice is enhanced. It depends on the style of the music the singer wants to sing. If he wants to sing with the lowest note, then he can gather the air from chamber 1. These are mostly the rnb and jazz tunes. If he wants to sing pop and rock that shrieks at some parts, then it is best that he turns to chamber 2. Whichever chamber the singer chooses to use, he should feel his diaphragm. He will notice that his breathing repsonds to the pacing of his notes and the way he is singing. These factors are all interconnected.Some singers make the mistake of forcing the pitch to come out of their head. This is because the head is also a form of resonance chamber because of the nasal passages that are apparent . The sinus cavity, the hard palate and the soft palate contrinbue in the â€Å"head voice† that have been discussed before. But there are some music genres that are not appropriate for the head voice. This is when the overtone ring aims through the sound of the low and soft palate. (Mabry, 311) Classical singers resort to the resonance of their soft palate whenever they sing their songs.Examples are Sarah Brightman, who is popularly known for her role as Christine Dae in â€Å"The Phantom of the Opera. † If you want a better and more accessible example, buy Emmy Rossum’s new album â€Å"Inside and Out. † Rossum is Christine in the 2004 movie â€Å"The Phantom of the Opera. † She took a hiatus from making movies to concentrate on making an album. Her debut album â€Å"Inside and Out† features Classical-Pop-Techno songs. Rossum is an example of a singer who uses he soft palate. Now popular singers such as Britney Spears, Fall Out Boy, Carrie Underwood, Kelly Clarkson, Rihanna and Sean Kingston also use their resonance chambers.Country singers such as Dolly Parton, Faith Hill, Tim McGraw and Rascal Flatts use both their hard and soft palates. Yodelers such as Shakira can do this by keeping their soft palate at a low key then they aim for the tune by using their head voice. In a nutshell, the important thing to remember from all these pointers on vocal technique is that the larynx affects the tone quality. By lowering the larynx, the pitch of the voice also goes down. When it is at its lowest, the register of the key is low as well. Therefore, whenever the larynx reaches its highest peak, the singer is prepared to reach the high notes as well.

Juan in this novel represents the quintessential saint and martyr Essay Example

Juan in this novel represents the quintessential saint and martyr Essay Example Juan in this novel represents the quintessential saint and martyr Essay Juan in this novel represents the quintessential saint and martyr Essay Essay Topic: Fight Club Novel In The Power and the Glory, Greene presents us with a very unconventional protagonist: a fugitive whisky priest, the father of a bastard child, on the run from an overzealous lieutenant in a world where religion is illegal. Struggling to survive, he meets a scheming Mestizo, a Judas, who he knowingly follows into the hands of the lieutenant, and is subsequently executed. The novel examines the concepts of duty, persecution, compassion, and the idea of sainthood. The world of Mexico that Greene creates is a decaying, merciless, ungodly place, a place where one would not necessarily expect to find a typical saint. The storybook heroic saint in the novel, Juan, embodies all of the saintly stereotypes, whereas the priest does not. Greene is not interested in the typical, formulaic saint: he is far more concerned with the idea of finding spirituality in unexpected places, a good example of which is the prison scene.The prison scene is presented by Greene as being a microcosm of the world: This place was very like the world: overcrowded with lust and crime and unhappy love, it stank to heaven. This shows us Greenes acceptance of the world, overcrowded with inevitable human flaws, with the repetition of and increasing the pace of reading, giving a tone of relentlessness. The word crime linking the prison and the outside world implies that, just as the prison is full of criminals, so too is the world. Lust is a reference to the pair copulating in the prison, and the wider implication of this is that the world is full of such lust, which Greene accepts, as we are but humans. Indeed, the priest himself succumbed to lust, in conceiving Brigitta, his illegitimate daughter. Unhappy love in itself is an interesting binary pair, as one usually associates love with happiness; Greene is here subverting our expectations associated with the word love, perhaps suggesting that the archetypal connotations of love are often illusory.The priests time in prison also gives us an insight into his own views on martyrdom; when a prisoner suggests he is a martyr, he replies I dont think martyrs are like this Martyrs are holy men. The fact that he giggles first shows us that hes no Juan; giggling is a childish, unmanly thing to do. This shows us that he does not believe himself to be a holy man; he is in a state of mortal sin. This is because he has fathered a bastard child, which fills him with a miserable happiness, reminiscent of the unhappy love in the prison. He continues his self-deprecation, saying you must never think the holy martyrs are like me. I am a whisky priest. His repeated use of the word holy, and his dissociation from it, shows that the priest is humble, modest, and aware that he is not the typical holy man. The fact that he accepts the whisky priest label, whilst avoiding the label of martyr shows that he is modest, but also encourages the reader to question the nature of martyrdom; could a whisky priest also be a martyr?A martyr, or saint, in the p riests eyes should see beauty in suffering: Saints talk about the beauty of suffering. Well, we are not saints, you and I. This is regarding the people having sex in the prison, when he is discussing it with the pious woman. He says he is a bad priest and knows from experience how much beauty Satan carried. That he acknowledges beauty in sin goes against traditional Catholic ideals regarding sin; he has a more realistic attitude to life, discarding the idealistic view of sin as being ugly, accepting that it can be beautiful. Of course, Greene is subtly implying that the priest does possess saintly qualities, in that he knows what a saint should see. Indeed, even though he doesnt find beauty in suffering here, he finds peace, clarity and an irrational affection for the inhabitants of the prison: love.Love is something the priest values highly, and in the religious sense love is paramount. It is notable that in his innocence, he had felt no love for anyone; now in his corruption he h ad learnt Here, Greene shows us that the priests previous, pious, innocent way of life had been devoid of true love. Now, through suffering and corruption, he learns love, giving him a somewhat saintly quality. Typically, saints should learn through suffering alone, not corruption; but we know that the priest is no typical saint. Indeed, presenting us with a priest whose love stems from corruption questions the traditional nature of sainthood as epitomised by Juan.The way that the novel is written encourages the reader to sympathise with the whisky priest, in spite of his flaws. The priest shuffles in and out of scenes, with an air of nervous hilarity. He is diminutive, lacks presence, and refers to himself as a bad priest. This is in stark contrast with Juan, who was noted for his humility and piety; but yet, even the pious Catholic mother who is reading the story of Juan admits that the whisky priest is not despicable. The same cannot be said for Josà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, though, whom she does refer to as being a despicable man.Josà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ represents cowardice, abandonment of faith, and selfishness. In the graveyard, he refuses to pray for a couples dead child, confessing I am unworthy. Cant you see? I am a coward. This aspect of Josà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is made clear on numerous occasions, and his life seems to be dictated by fear. The word coward rings true, as Josà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, unlike the whisky priest, gave in to public humiliation, marriage, in order to save himself. He is described by Greene as having given in to the unforgivable sin despair. Contrastingly, the whisky priest never yields to despair, and has an underlying moral code and sense of duty he puts his duty before his fear, unlike Josà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. It is no coincidence, then, that the priest who converted Greene to Catholicism, Father Trollope, was described by Greene in A Sort of Life, as driven further by some inner compulsion to the priesthood; it is clear to see that the whisky priest reflects this com pulsion Greene writes that the whisky priest had given into despair five years ago, when he conceived his child, and he returns to the scene of his despair with a curious lightening of the heart. For he had got over despair too. This is crucial, as it is the pivotal difference between him and Josà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½; Josà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is unable to get over despair.Despair is a common theme in the novel, which is unsurprising given the setting. The Mexico Greene describes is one with blazing Mexican sun and bleaching dust. The words blazing and bleaching are very negative; blazing conjures up imagery of fire, and bleaching carries connotations of bones and arid land. Greene uses a filmic narrative technique, describing the visual aspects of the novel in detail; as Evelyn Waugh writes, His technical mastery has never been better manifested in his statement of the scene It is the cameras eye recording significant detail. It is this which gives the reader a clearer image of just how bleak the set ting is to live in.Living in such a place, despair seems almost inevitable for most, which creates a need for escapism. The story of Juan provides such escapism for the girls who listen intently to it: One of the little girls licked her lips secretively. This was life. Obviously, the story of Juan is not life at all; Greene is being ironic here, as the idealistic world of the tale is far removed from the harsh realities of life. It is also ironic that the mother says Juan was a true young Mexican boy, as children in this novel are typically cynical (such as Coral Fellows, Brigitta, and Luis, the boy who idolises the lieutenant), or in the case of the girls, gullible. These harsh realities outline the absurdities of Juans clearly fictitious world, and highlight the sheer dreadfulness of the world Greene has set the novel in, a world in which the word life was taboo: it reminded you of death. By telling the audience that the people of this place associate the word life only with death , Greene is emphasising the bleakness of the world, and the nihilistic attitudes of many that live there. In such a world, a heroic such as Juan seems ill-fitting and unrealistic: the whisky priest is a flawed, corrupted hero, for a flawed, corrupted world.This flawed hero, however, was not well-received by all of Greenes contemporaries; George Orwell wrote that Greene appears to share the idea, which has been floating around ever since Baudelaire, that there is something rather distinguà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in being damned; Hell is a sort of high-class nightclub, entry to which is reserved for Catholics only. Here, Orwell is trivialising the novel; the word floating is rather condescending, and the use of distinguà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ seems rather dismissive, and implies that the idea is somewhat pretentious. Mention of a nightclub further trivialises the novels message. Orwell is clearly accusing Greene of being unoriginal and pretentious, and the whisky priest as being nothing new. However, I disa gree; with the direct comparisons to sainthood and martyrdom between Juan and the priest, Greene puts this idea into a newer, more realistic and contemporary context.The world in which the novel takes place is one of people who doubt the priest: That is what everyone says all the time you do no good I can see them saying it all over the world. The fact that the priest is told this all the time shows that the opposition he faces is relentless, but he still does not give into despair. You do no good shows that his work is viewed as futile by the population. This is reminiscent of the nihilistic view expressed by philosopher Aleister Crowley in Towards The Golden Dawn, being appalled by the futility of all human endeavour. However, instead of being appalled by this futility, the priest acts in spite of it this is where his strength lies.Whilst nihilistic attitudes permeate many layers of this Mexican society, the priest seems to be determined, strong and stoic in his outlook,. He kno ws that his efforts are futile, that the easiest thing to do would be to hand himself in yet carries on regardless. He shows faith and courage, defies despair, and struggles on. Indeed, when he visits his home village, he realises that When he was gone it would be as if God in all this space ceased to exist, and finds himself shaken with the enormity of the problem, but still continues on regardless, driven by a sense of duty. That God would effectively cease to exist in the area without the priest outlines the magnitude of his responsibility: an immense load of responsibility: it was indistinguishable from love. This love is very like the love he feels for his fellow inmates in the prison scene.In the prison scene, the priest describes saints as people who see beauty in suffering, but doesnt see himself as such a saint. However, he certainly has a saintly appreciation of suffering. An excellent example of this is when he is about to leave his home town: He cried out stubbornly in a voice of authority, That is why I tell you that heaven is here: this is a part of heaven just as pain is a part of pleasure. He said, Pray that you will suffer more and more and more. Never get tired of suffering. The fact that he is stubborn shows how resilient and determined he is, and again gives us the idea that he is defiant in the face of despair. In his modesty, he proclaims himself not [a] saint in prison, yet clearly does appreciate the beauty in suffering. He links suffering to heaven, clearly associated with beauty, and his repetition of the word suffering shows us how passionate he is on the subject. It seems Greene is deliberately making the audience aware of the priests stance on suffering, so that we remember this moment when he later talks about sainthood in the prison. This is a technique Greene uses effectively, as we see the priest as humble and modest, yet still sees the world as a saint by his own definition; seeing beauty in suffering.The priest is in many wa ys a pathetic character, with his shambling from place to place, and his degradation. He is, in many situations, a powerless victim of circumstance. For example, when the wine he works so hard to purchase is drunk by the chief of police, he starts crying, and says he sees all the hope of the world draining away. Here, we see the pathetic side of the priest not only because he is crying, but because he is beginning to despair, and is a powerless victim of circumstance. However, this is by no means his most pathetic, undignified moment; this is without doubt when he fights with a dog over a scrap of meat. The absurdity of the situation is not lost on the priest, either: suddenly he laughed: this was human dignity disputing with a bitch over a bone. The phrase human dignity is clearly intended by Greene to be ironic, as the priest has lost any dignity he may have once had by fighting with the crippled bitch over a bone. He is clearly not a macho, true Mexican [man], unlike Juan Greene gives us such situations to show that humans Gods image will do what is necessary to survive, which should not affect their role as saints. He challenges the traditional view of sainthood, where upholding ones dignity is expected.A sense of responsibility clearly drives the priest to continue his struggle, his suffering; he knowingly walks into the mestizos trap He was quite certain that this was a trap probably the half-caste had suggested it but it was a fact that the American was there, dying. This fact gives the priest a sense of responsibility, even though hes heading to his death, which displays immense courage. Interestingly, the priest fails to see his own worth in this regard; after coming across the Native American woman, he thought God forgive me. I have no sense of responsibility: what can you expect of a whisky priest?.Greene makes it clear to the reader, by examples such as missing the boat at the start and following Judas into the trap at the end, that the pries t does have a sense of responsibility, despite being a whisky priest; this defies the stereotypes one might associate with the term, and shows that the priest has determination and courage. Of course, the priest is not completely courageous; he fears pain, and still fears death hes only human, unlike the seemingly supernatural Juan; he thinks you needed to be a little drunk to die, showing his flaws of alcoholism and fear. Juan, of course, was quite calm and happy when he knew he was about to die, and prayed for his enemies.Praying for his enemies, however, is something that the priest does, to an extent, share with Juan he pities the mestizo, thinking it was really shocking bad luck for the poor devil that he was to be burdened with a sin of such magnitude. Indeed, in his cell, the priest tries to pray for the half-caste, the lieutenant but in the moment of prayer he switched back to his child beside the rubbish dump, and he knew it was for her only that he prayed. The fact that he is unable to do as Juan and pray for his enemies is largely unimportant, as he at least attempts to pray for his enemies, and it is a sign of his flaws that he can think only of his daughter. He himself thinks that the people deserved a saint [but] God hadnt thought fit to send them one. Just by saying this, Greene is encouraging the reader to compare the priest to a saint, and is clearly challenging the preconceptions regarding sainthood.The priest, before death, thinks it would have been quite easy to have been a saint. It would only have needed a little self-restraint and a little courage. Here, Greene uses the word little twice, to show how the priest, by his own measure, has only missed sainthood by a small way. This encourages the reader to view the priest as a saint, and dismiss his sins as being too little, too trivial, to mar his piety. The mother of Luis even says that the whisky priest was a hero, one of the martyrs of the Church, and may be one of the saints. That eve n she considers him to be as such conveys Greenes message that sainthood need not be restricted to the absolutely, unattainably perfect. However, Greene seems to almost mock established ideas of sainthood when the mother says Of course, before we know he is a saint, there will have to be miracles and goes on to mention paying for relics. Such concepts seem ludicrous, given the priests own pragmatism, yet still persist. Greene is here questioning the Catholic definition of sainthood, and is satirising it critically.Critic David Lodge wrote that There is a good deal of evidence, internal and external, that in Greenes fiction Catholicism is not a body of belief requiring exposition and demanding categorical assent or dissent, but a system of concepts, a source of situations, and a reservoir of symbols. Clearly, he is supporting the notion that Greene challenges the categorical assent and dissent regarding sainthood, where assent represents the followings of the Catholic teachings, many of which the priest abandons. The assent is embodied by Juan, and the complete dissent by Josà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, giving into the ultimate sin, despair. The priest lies in the middle ground, representing what V.S. Pritchett refers to as a whole and memorable human being.In conclusion, Greene uses the contrast between Juan and the whisky priest to not only question, but also to criticise and challenge the idealistic Catholic views on sainthood. He uses the priests flaws and self-doubt to present us with a character who would not be considered a traditional saint, but possesses many saintly qualities. Greene gives us the priests ideas of sainthood, such as seeing beauty in suffering and having a sense of responsibility, with the priests own thoughts of how he is not fulfilling them. However, Greene subtly subverts this by having sections in the novel where the priest does fulfil these self-lain expectations of sainthood, allowing the reader to make the connection and realise that the priest is actually a very dedicated and dutiful Christian, even though he himself does not realise it; his humility serves only to augment his saintliness.

How Inverters and Converters Work in Hybrids and Electric Vehicles

How Inverters and Converters Work in Hybrids and Electric Vehicles In a hybrid and other electric vehicles (EVs), two key elements work together to manage power and recharge the circuits. Here is how these critical components- the inverter and converter- work in tandem.   The Function of an Inverter Broadly speaking, an inverter  is an electrical device that converts electricity derived from a DC (Direct Current) source to AC (Alternating Current) of the type that can be  used to drive a device or appliance. In a solar power system, for example, the power stored by batteries charged by solar panels is converted to standard AC power by the inverter, which provides the power to plug-in outlets and other standard 120-volt devices.   An inverter serves the same kind of function in a hybrid or EV car, and the theory of operation is relatively simple. DC power, from a hybrid battery, for example, is fed to the primary winding in a transformer within the inverter housing. Through an electronic switch (generally a set of semiconductor transistors), the direction of the flow of current is continuously and regularly flip-flopped (the electrical charge travels into the primary winding, then abruptly reverses and flows back out). The in/outflow of electricity produces AC current in the transformers secondary winding circuit. Ultimately, this induced alternating current electricity provides power for an AC load- for example, an electric vehicles (EV) electric traction motor. A rectifier is a similar device to an inverter except that it does the opposite, converting AC power to DC power. The Function of a Converter More properly called a voltage converter, this electrical device actually changes the voltage (either AC or DC) of an electrical power source. There are two types of voltage converters: step up converters (which increases voltage) and step down  converters (which decreases voltage). The most common use of a converter is to a take relatively low voltage source and step-it-up to high voltage for heavy-duty work in a high power consumption load, but they can also be used in reverse to reduce voltage for a light load source. Inverter/Converter Tandem Units An inverter/converter is, as the name implies, one single unit that houses both an inverter and a converter. These are the devices that are used by both EVs and hybrids to manage their electric drive systems. Along with a built-in charge controller, the inverter/converter supplies current to the battery pack for recharging during regenerative braking, and it also provides electricity to the motor/generator for vehicle propulsion. Both hybrids and EVs use relatively low-voltage DC batteries (about 210 volts)  to keep the physical size down, but they also generally use highly efficient high voltage (about 650 volts) AC motor/generators. The inverter/converter unit choreographs how these divergent voltages and current types work together. Because of the use of transformers and semiconductors (and the accompanying resistance encountered), enormous amounts of heat are emitted by these devices. Adequate cooling and ventilation are paramount to keeping the components operational. For this reason,  inverter/converter installations in hybrid vehicles have their own dedicated cooling systems, complete  with pumps and radiators, that are entirely independent of the engines cooling system.

What are the pronciples that need to underpin the planning and Essay

What are the pronciples that need to underpin the planning and devlivery of Collective worship in a Catholic School - Essay Example But recently these concepts had been redefined under the 1988 Education Reform Act (ERA), which provided the legal framework behind the collective worship principle in schools in Great Britain today. This law is responsible for most of the reforms that took place in British schools in the past decades. In the context of collective worship, the ERA sought to modify the 1944 statute by mandating that collective worship is a â€Å"broadly Christian character if it reflects the broad traditions of Christian belief without being distinctive of any particular Christian denomination.† (Edge 2002, p. 305) According to the DFE religious education in schools should seek: to develop pupil’s knowledge, understanding and awareness of Christianity, as the predominant religion in Great Britain, and the other principal religions represented in the country; to encourage respect for those holding different beliefs; and to help pupils’ spiritual, moral, social and cultural developm ent. (cited in Wright and Brandom 2000, p. 15) And collective worship is an integral part of this initiative as it is believed that it will be able to achieve for students an understanding of how to live in the modern society. In addition, collective worship is seen as a tool that is available to teachers to complement educational purposes. Wright and Brandom summed up six key aims of collective worship in school: The first is a moral one because collective worship analyses contemporary issues affecting young people and presents varying responses to them; the second seeks to help students identify and think about themselves, of the mysterious universe in which their lives are set and of the strangeness of modern living; the third is about helping student develop their values further; the fourth focuses and celebrates the shared values manifested by respective school communities; the fifth pertains to the encouragement of community spirit, interaction and relationship